Combined anti-skid and parking device



J. E. DE BAUN ETAL -COMBINED ANTI-SKID AND PARKING DEVICE July 7, 1959 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 22, 1956 m n ma am m V .E m m m A% vi ATTORNEYJuly 7, 1959 J. E. DE BAUN ET AL COMBINED ANTI-SKID AND PARKING DEVICE 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 22} 1955 FIG. 3.

FIG.6.

INVENTORS E. DeBoun 8 Fnedrich ATTORNEY John BY Andrew FIG. 5.

July 7, 1959 J. E. DE BAUN ETAL COMBINED ANTI-SKID AND PARKING DEVICEFiled Aug 22, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG. IO.

INVENTORS John E. DeBaun 8 BY Friedrich A? M,

ATTORNEY July 7, 1959 J. E. DE BAUN ET AL 2,893,500

COMBINED ANTI-SKID AND PARKING DEVICE Filed Aug. 22, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet4 J E. m9 1. v 8. 3.

INVENTORS John E. DeBouq'fi 312w E. Friedrlch AT TORNEY Un d 8w2,893,500 COMBINED ANTI-SKID AND PARKING DEVICE J'ohirE. DeBaun,Ridgewond-,.and Andrew E; Friedrich,

Princeton,- NJ'., said- Friedrich assignor' to said DeBaun.

Application August 22; 1956, Serial No; 605,508 8 Claims. c1. 180-1)slightly with the groundsurface and to elevate the vehicle. at timeswhen it is desired to use the device to park the vehicle. I It isanother object. of-theinvention to provide a combined antiaskidding and'parking devicefor motor vehicles wherein the groundengaging. members arein the form of large discsdisposed atthe opposite sides atthe rear. ofthe vehicle but adapted to be raised and. lowered and rotated in onedirection or another by acommon drive mechanism including. a reversible.electric motor andadriveshaft operatedby the motor and connectedby-gears to the rotatable plate and to the rack for loweringand' raisingthe device.

It is still another object of. the invention to provide in. ananti-skidding device, comprising a large disc adapted to engage the roadsurface at an angle, a plurality of- "small: cutting wheels angularlyspaced aboutv the peripheral plateof the disc for angular adjustmentupon its axleso as; to; be turnedtin: order that teeth on the sidesthereof will becaused: to dig into? the. roadsurface andprevent thevehicle from. skidding while permitting the forward; motion of thevehicleand wherein these small: wheels on' the periphery of the discicanautomatically be straightened to roll. over the? road surface without:digging thereinto aswhen the surface. ispartially free of ice.

Other'objects of the. invention are to provide a combined anti-skid and;parking device, having the above objects in mind, which is of relativelysimple construction, easy to mountiupon the rear of. the vehicle, easyto. operate, not liable to get out of order; may serve for jacking upthe rear of the vehicle, automatically returns to its elevated positionupon release of power,. compact, and mountable a. unit upon the:vehicle, efficient and eifeetive in use, I

For other objects, and abetter understanding of the invention; referencemay be had to the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing, in which Figure" his. a sidev elevational view ofthe? combined anti-skid. andparking, device of" the present inventionmounted uponthevehicle and raised to'its elevated position thereon,- a aFig. 2vis-a top planviewof: the device with'theparts still in their;elevated'position; upon the vehicle,

"Fig: 3' is a siderelevationa'l viewl of'tlfe device lowered .tof theground. and:the vehicle: elevated; and" adapted for effecting theparking of the vehicle withfthe; device, 4 is a reai elevationallvieim'of. the.% device'still lowered to the groundism'facei and: thesye'hicleelevated 2. and the drive set to move the rear of the vehicle to theright,

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken through. the rack. and pinionelevating mechanism and as viewed on line 5'5 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken through the gear shifterand as viewed on line 66' of'Fi'g. 2,.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional. viewtaken through one ofthe rotatable supporting discs and its rack and pinion operatingmechanism, the view being taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of one of. therotatable discs. and looking uponv one of. the digging wheels,

Fig. 9. is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of one of therotatable discs and one of the digging wheels, as viewed on line 99 ofFig. 7, a

Fig. 10 is afragmentary elevational view of one ofthe rotatable discsillustrating the manner in which the digging wheels are tilted when thewheel is rotatedin the direction to the right so as to move the vehicleto the left,

Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view ofthe combinedgear-shifter and rack lifter mechanism,

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary elevational view of'the rack lifter with racklocked'in its extended position,

Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view ofv the rack lifter taken on line1313of' Fig; 11,

Fig. 14 is a vertical sectionalview looking upon one of, the. racklocking elements as viewed on line 1414 of Fig. 11,

Fig. 15 is a vertical sectional view-lookingupon the gear shifter drivepulley as viewed on line" 1'5 -15 of Fig. 11, and

Fig; 16 is a combined'schematic view of the gear shifter linkage and ofthe wiring diagram: for the reversib'le motor.

Referring now to the figures, 15 represents a vehicle frame which issupported on a rearv axle housing 16 and drive wheels 17 and 18. Apropeller shaft 19 extends from the engine to the axle housing to rearaxle shaft 16 and the wheels 17 and 18' connected thereto. The vehicleframe 15 extends rearwardly from the rear axle housing.

On the rear axle housing 16 spacedfrom one another are clamp plateassemblies 20 and 21. Each clamp plate assembly has a rear plate 22 anda front plate 23 that are secured together about the axle housing byupper and lower clamp bolts 24 and 25.

Rearwardly spaced from the" clamping plate' assemblies is atransversely-extending support 29 that is secured through drop bracketportions 31 and 30 to the sides of the frame 15 beneath a gasoline tank32.

Also secured between the sides of the frame and between the rear axlehousing 16 and the rear support29 is an intermediate support 32 that hasan upstanding reinforcing rib 32' which extends throughout the lengththereof and laterally spaced'square portions 33 and 34, Fig. 4.

Two ground engaging drive wheels 35 and 36 are disposed under theintermediate support 32; Each drive wheel is connected to the bottom ofan elongated supporting plate 37 by an axial bolt 38 andvertically-spaced ball bearing units 39L A head 40' of the bolt 38 restsin a recess 41 in the top of the plate 37 and the drive wheel is heldupon the bolt 38 by a washer 42 and a nut 41. The drive wheel 36'is.rotatable about they axle 38.

The elongated-plate 37 is hingedly connected at-its forward end by ahinge pin 43 to hinge; projections; 44 on the rear clamp'plate 22soxthat-theplate3'lmay pivot up and downiupon-the axle 16; The plate137hastspaced The rear end of this rack has upstanding projections 48 towhich a rearwardly-extending link 49 is pivotally connected by a pin 50.The rear end of this link 49 is hingedly connected to a hinge plate 51on the rear transversely-extending support 29, Fig. 3.

The elongated plate 37 has an enlarged portion 37 vertically alignedwith the square portion 33 or 34 of the intermediate transverse support32 and is connected thereto by four tension springs 53 each of which isconnected at its upper end to the square portion 33 by a bolt 54 and anut 55. The lower end of each spring 53 is connected to the enlargedportion 37' of the plate 37 by a bolt 56 and a nut 57, Fig. 5.

A transverse plate 58 extends between the plates 37 to tie them'together and serves as a support for a reversible electric motor 59 thathas three-wire cable 60 extending therefrom. This electric motor 59 hasa pulley '61 that is connected by a pu ley belt 62 to a drive pulley 63that is splined to a gear selector 64 that carries a shaft 65 and whichis adapted to be shifted axially by a yoke 66 that straddles a groovedcollar 67 fixed to the drive shaft 65 by a set screw 68, Fig. 6. Thisyoke 66 is pivotally connected to the rear end of a bracket 69 by pivotpin 70. The bracket is rigidly mounted upon the transverse plate 58. Therear end of the yoke 66 is connected by a link 71 to a pivot bar 72 thatis pivotally connected to the forward end of the bracket 69 by a pivotpin 73. The pivot bar 72 is operated by pull rods 74 and 75 respectivelypivotally connected to the respective outer ends of the pivot bar 72.

The gear selector 64 has two pinion gears 76 and 77. The collar 67 is anintegral part of the gear 76. The gear 77 is secured to the shaft 65 bya set screw 78. An externally-splined sleeve 79 is secured to the shaft65 between the gears 76 and 77 by a key 80. The pulley wheel 63 canslide along the spline sleeve 64, Figs. 11 and 15.

Each of the ground engaging drive wheels 35 and 36 has a ring gear 81that is secured within its peripheral upstanding wall 82, whose upperedge has corresponding teeth 83, by screw bolts 84. The gear selector 64when in the neutral position has its "gears 76 and 77 lying astraddlethe ring gears 81 of the respective drive wheels 35 and 36 and the driveshaft 65 will be driven independently of the drive wheels 35 and 36. Thedrive shaft 65 is journalled in spaced bearing portions 85 and 86 onenlarged portions 37 of plates 37. On the opposite ends of the shaft andadapted to mesh with the respective gears 81 of the drive wheels 35 and36 are respective pinion gears 87 and 88 in a manner soon to bedescribed.

With the motor 59 started and the gear selector 64 in a neutralposition, the drive shaft 65 is rotated free of the drive wheels. Thisdrive shaft 65 also has fixed thereto, as by a key 101 pinion gears 89and 90 respectively meshing with the respective gear racks 47 so as tocause the gear racks to he slid rearwardly and downwardly therebyforcing the drive wheels 35 and 36 downwardly against the action oftheir tension springs 53 for engagement with the ground and to lift thevehicle over them to the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

When the pinion gears 89 and 90 have extended the racks 47 and the drivewheels are extended to the ground, the racks and the drive wheels mustbe locked to maintain the vehicle in the elevated position. Each of thegear racks 47 has a through hole 92, the ends of which are adapted to beengaged by loosely pivoted locking members 93 and 94 on the shaft 65 atthe respective opposite sides of the gears 89 and 90, as the shaft 65 isshifted with the gears sons to thereby lock the rack against slidingmovement and hold the drive wheels against collapse upon the vehicle.The locking members are respectively urged to their locking positions byrespective collars 95 and 96 by manual movement which respectively haveset screws 97 and 98 that are slidable respectively in grooves 99 and100 in the drive/shaft 65. The gear 89 or is secured against rotationupon shaft 65 by a key 101, to the shaft 65 and is held against axialdisplacement upon the shaft by set collars 102 and 103.

The gear 89 or 90 when shifted by the shaft 65 will not be totallydisengaged from its rack 47 until the locking member 93 or 94 hasengaged the hole 92 of the rack 47. At the same time the movement of theshaft 65 and the gear will cause either the gears 76 and 88 of the shaftto engage the respective drive wheels 35 and 36, as shown in Fig. 4, soas to move the rear of the vehicle to the right or the engagement ofgears 77 and 87 with the drive wheels 36 and 37 to cause the drivewheels to move the rear end of the vehicle to the left assuming theelectric motor 59 to drive the pulley 63 in the direction of the arrow..The gear shift rods 74 and 75 are connected to the opposite ends of anoperating bar 104 that is pivoted at 105 to some portion of the vehiclewithin the cab and near to the operator. This bar 104 has an arm 106which can be grasped by the operator and when pivoted to one position orthe other from a neutral position as shown in Fig. 16 the gear shifter64 will cause the drive wheels 35 and 36 to be driven to move thevehicle either to the right or the left. The cable 60 for the electricmotor 59 has three wires, one of which is ground to a battery 107 andthe other two of which are provided with contacts 108 and 109 that canbe engaged by a switch arm 110. The electric motor has opposite windingsand either one of the windings can be energized by the movement of theswitch am 110 to either contact the arm 108 or 109 whereby the motorwill be driven in either one direction or the other. After the vehiclehas been moved to one side or the other, the gear shifter can be movedto the neutral position so as again engage gears 89 and 90 with therespective racks 47 and at the same time disengage the lock members fromthe racks and upon changing the direction of rotation of the reversiblemotor and with the help of the tension springs 53, the racks 47 and thedrive wheels 35 and 36 are elevated. The drive wheels will be held inthis position until it is again desired to extend them to the ground toelevate the vehicle again.

At times the drive wheels can be lowered lightly for instantaneousengagement with the ground While the vehicle is moving so that thesedrive wheels can be used to prevent the skidding of the vehicle over anicy road surface. In order that an effective digging action is had withthe ice, a series of tiltable engaging cutting wheels 111 are providedon the bottom thereof. These cutting wheels are respectively nested inrecesses 112 in the bottom of the Wheel. Into each recess 112 thereextends a bifurcated spring mounting plate 113 that is secured to thebottom of the wheel by rivets 114. The bifurcations have bearings 115and 116 in which a wheel shaft 117 is journalled. This shaft 117 has anintermediate ball formation 118 on which a hub 119 is secured by aretaining plate 120 fixed thereto at the opposite side of the ballcenter. The rim of the wheel is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve 121that surrounds the hub 119 and is secured thereto by fastening screws122. The wheel 111 can be tilted to one side or the other due to theball 118 acting as a bearing, in order to expose end serrations 123 or124 to the icy surface and prevent the skidding of the vehicle.

It is provided that at least three of the wheels 111 will simultaneouslyengage the ground surface as illustrated in Fig. 10 so that a tripleanti-skidding effect is had. The drive wheels can be momentarily broughtdown into place by operating the switch arm 110 until engagement is hadwith the ground and by slippage of the pulley belt 32 on the motor ordisengaging the contact arm 110 the drive wheels can be returned totheir elevated positions until they are again needed for preventinganother skidding of the vehicle.

It should now be apparent that there has been pro vided a'parking devicein the form of two large drive wheels adapted to be lowered to theground from the rear of the vehicle to lift the axle and the vehicle sothat its wheels will be oif the ground and the rear of the vehicleplaced under the control of the drive wheels 35 by rotating the latterwhich can be driven in either one direction or the other to park therear of the vehicle either to the right or to the left.

It should also be apparent that there has been provided a common drivemechanism for effecting the lifting action by lowering the supportingracks and upon the drive shaft being shifted will cause the drive wheelsto be drivingly connected thereto.

It will also be apparent that the same mechanism which has been providedfor the parking of the vehicle can also be used as an anti-skid devicefor the vehicle as it moves over an icy road surface.

While various changes may be made in the detailed construction, it shallbe understood that such changes shall be within the spirit and scope ofthe present invention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a vehicle parking device, a pair of ground engaging drive wheelseach having upper and lower sides including a rear gear formation oneach of said upper sides with teeth directed upwardly with respect tosaid upper side, means pivotally attached to said vehicle and extendinglongitudinally thereof for tilting movement of a portion of said meansbetween a lowered lifting position and a retracted raised position withrespect to said vehicle, means rotatably mounting said drive wheels onsaid portion to move therewith whereby said wheels rotate in a planeparallel to said portion and whereby when said portion is tilted to alowered lifting position said wheels are inclined for engagement oftheir lower ends with the ground, a common po/Wer operated shaftjournalled on said portion, above said ring gear formations andextending thereacross and including means for the axial displacementthereof, gears secured on said shaft and adapted to simultaneouslyengage a corresponding opposite side of each of said ring gearformations to drive the wheels in the same direction, said axiallyshifting means when actuated effecting the engagement of said gears witheither one side or the other side of said ring gear formations fordriving said wheels in either one direction or the other to effect theparking movement of the vehicle either to the right or left relative tothe longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

2. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 1, and said pivotallyattached means includes rearwardlyextending elongated wheel supportingplates, and in which an elongated gear rack is provided, meanslongitudinally-adjustably securing said rack in the elongated wheelsupporting plates, said power operated shaft having pinion gearsengageable with said racks so that the racks may be poweredlongitudinally through the supporting plates, control link memberspivotally connected to the rear ends of the rack and means adapted forthe pivotally anchoring of said links to the rear of the vehicle wherebysaid common shaft may serve to lower the wheels into their liftingpositions.

3. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 2, and lock means onsaid common power-operated shaft and engageable with said racks upon thepower-operated shaft being adjusted to effect the connection of itsgears, and the disengagement of the pinion gears from the racks.

4. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 3, wherein thevehicle is provided with a frame and an intermediate member extendsacross the Sides of the vehicle frame, and return tension biasingsprings extend between said intermediate member and said elongated wheelsupporting plates and serve to assist in the return of the drive wheelsto their elevated positions on the vehicle.

5. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 2, and said pivotallyattached means for the drive wheels further includes clamping plateattachments for securement of the forward ends of the elongated Wheelsupporting plates to the rear axle of the vehicle, said supportingplates being pivotally secured to the clamping plates.

6. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 5, and a transversetie plate connected between the forward ends of the wheel supportingplates and a reversible electric motor mounted on said tie plate andpulley and belt means extending between the motor and the poweroperateddrive shaft.

7. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 6, and a bracketconnected to said transverse tie plate, said shaft axial displacingmeans including a shaft shifting lever pivoted on said bracket andengageable with said power operated shaft, means further connected tothe bracket and to the shifting lever to operate the latter whereby saidpower-operated drive shaft can be axially adjusted for driving thewheels in either one direction or the other.

8. In a vehicle parking device as defined in claim 1, and each of saiddrive Wheels having a plurality of recesses around the lower sidethereof, small ground engaging anti-skid digging wheels and means formounting said digging wheels in the respective recesses for tiltingmovement to one side or the other to expose the edges of the wheel tothe ground surface.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,283,948 Ridgway May 26, 1942 2,364,553 Rische Dec. 5, 1944 2,650,679Durkin Sept. 1, 1953 2,700,426 Harless Ian. 25, 1955

